Means of formation of the treasures

General

After expressing the value of money other products because the money is easily exchanged for any of them. This makes the

monetary valuation of heterogeneous goods is easily comparable with the exchange . According to some economists, including

Karl Marx , not money makes goods commensurate and vice versa: it is because of all the goods are embodied human labor and

thus, by themselves are comparable to the amount of labor input, measured by value of all goods and one the same specific

product, making this the last of their common measure of value, ie money.

Usually, money is a product with high liquidity , that is, those goods which are most easily exchanged for other goods. In

addition to the measure of value for other goods, money is a medium of exchange (the mediator in the process of exchange ). In

addition, the role of money can perform a variety of things , other proprietary rights, obligations and proprietary systems of

obligation.

Under current conditions in the role of money is not so much specific products (eg, gold or other precious metals from which

to make investment coins ), but the obligation of the state or the central bank in the form of banknotes . Independent cost so

much money and do not have are the equivalent of only nominally . The state requires citizens to take notes and coins as legal

tender in the area. For the Russian Federation stated in the Federal Law of July 10 2002 ? 86-FZ "On the Central Bank of

Russian Federation ( Bank of Russia ) "(Article 29, notes (banknotes) and coins of the Bank of Russia are the only legitimate

means of cash payment in Russian Federation. and Art. 30 banknotes and coins are unconditional obligations of Bank of Russia

must be accepted at face value in the implementation of all types of payments to be credited to the accounts, deposits and to

convert the entire territory of the Russian Federation) and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

According to the most common version, the Russian word " money "(units of hours, the lips." denga ") comes from the Turkic

"te?ge" .

M. (Danek in Arab countries; dangh in Persia , tank, or tangka tanga in India , in Ceylon , in Tibet and Nepal , tanga or

Tenge in Khiva and Kokand khanates in Bukhara Emirate ) - originally a small silver and then copper in the East. In ancient

Greece and Persia, these coins were called danaka (Greek ?a?a??; pers. danaka). Sometimes referred to as more and Greek obol

(for example, according to ancient sources, fees for transportation of the deceased in the afterlife - obol Charon ).

In " Hozhenii the three seas " Athanasius Nikitin (XV century), Indian and Chinese money is called Portenko , Portenko , for

example, "a child born b?lo, foreign guest fee 300 tenek "," Kidney diamond mines on five new Kanye, black - four Keni-six and

white diamond - one Portenko . " Russian money in the same source referred to in rubles.

Currently Tenge - monetary unit in Kazakhstan , as well as a bargaining chip in Turkmenistan .

Since the formation of a centralized state in Russia and the beginning of the regular coinage in Moscow, do not speak became

known as the coin polkopeyki, that is, a two hundred rubles. Besides money , there were other coins of mite - poldengi, one

quarter penny, penny, penny - two cents; Altyn - a penny ( see the proverb: "There was not a penny, but suddenly Altyn" ) coin

- two cents; dime - ten cents; pyatialtynnik - fifteen cents; dvugrivennik - twenty cents; poltina - polrublya, you have fifty

cents; ruble ( from the verb "to chop" ) or tin ( from the verb "Tina" that is "cut", "hack" See the Glossary of Vladimir Dal

'coin vytinayut stamping " ).

The main functions of money

Money manifest themselves through their functions. Usually distinguish the functions of money such as:

* Measure of value . Heterogeneous goods are equal and share with each other on the basis of price (exchange rate, cost of

goods denominated in the amount of money). Item price performs the same measurement role, as in geometry, length at intervals

of Physics weight at tel. For the measurements do not require a thorough knowledge of what the space or weight , it is enough

to be able to compare the unknown quantity with the standard . The monetary unit is the standard for the goods.
* Medium of exchange . Money is used as an intermediary to handle the goods. For this function is crucial ease and speed

with which money can be exchanged for any other product (a measure of liquidity ). When you use the money commodity producer

is able, for example, sell their wares today, and buy raw materials only after day, week, month, etc. But he can sell his

goods in one place and buy required him quite different. Thus, money as a medium of overcoming time and space constraints in

the exchange.
* Means of payment . Money is used for registration of debts and paying them. This function takes an independent value to

a situation of instability in commodity prices. For example, was bought on credit products. The amount of debt in terms of

money, but not the number of purchased goods. Subsequent changes in the prices of goods will not affect the amount of debt

that must be paid in cash. This function also operates money in cash with financial authorities. Related role played by money,

when they express any kind of economic indicators.
* A store . The money collected but not used make it possible to transfer the purchasing power of the present into the

future. Function of a means of accumulating money do temporarily not participating in the revolution. However, k
keep in mind that the purchasing power of money depends on inflation .
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