Requirements for the organization of the workplace

Workplace - is indivisible in the organizational sense (in the given context) link of the production process , served by one

or more workers , designed to perform one or more production or service operations, equipped with appropriate equipment and

industrial equipment . In a broader sense - is the basic structure of the production of space in which the subject of labor

correlated with placements and the subject of labor for the unit of work processes in accordance with the objective function

of the results of work.

Regulations

In the Russian Federation, the requirements for the workplace are determined by the following documents:

* Labor Code of the Russian Federation ,
* Regulations of the RF subjects,
* National and international standards .

These documents contain requirements for the organization and ergonomics of the workplace, and identify the rules , procedures

, criteria and standards aimed at protecting the lives and health of employees in the course of their work .

Classification

Jobs can be classified by the following features and categories.

According to the degree of automation of the labor process :

* Job with manual work - the work process are performed manually.
* Workplace manual mechanical work - workers use power tools with an external drive.
* Workplace computer-manual work - equipped with a machine ( the machine , a mechanism ) that works with the direct

participation of the employee.
* Machine workplace - the main work is done by machine, and manage and support the work carried out to the workers.
* The automated workplace - the main work is done by machine, ancillary work partially or fully mechanized.
* The instrumental work place - is equipped with special equipment, in which production processes are carried out by

exposing the object of labor thermal , electrical or physical-chemical energy.

On the degree of specialization :

* Special - a fixed place of work from 1 to 3 operations. It is used in mass production type , and flow manufacturing

methods of production.
* Specialized - at the workplace is fixed from 3 to 10 operations. It is used in mass production , and processing methods

partionnyh.
* Universal - the workplace can take more than 10 operations. Used in the production unit , with individual methods of

manufacturing products.




Under the organization of the workplace means its equipment and layout . Full and complete equipping of the workplace, as well

as its rational planning can best organize the labor process and, consequently, increase its efficiency.

General ergonomic requirements for workplace organization defined in the following standards:

* Standard 12.2.032-78 "SSBT. Workplace during the work while sitting. Terms and ergonomic requirements, "
* Standard 12.2.033-78 "SSBT. Workplace while performing work while standing. Terms and ergonomic requirements. "

They establish requirements for jobs while performing work in a sitting position and standing in designing new and upgrading

existing equipment and production processes . These include the following requirements:

* The design of the workplace and the relative position of all its elements must requirements , as well as the nature of

the work.
* The design of the workplace shall be ensured the implementation of labor operations in the range for motor field .
* Implementation of labor operations "often" or "very often" should be provided within easy reach of the zone and zone of

optimal motor field .
* The design of manufacturing equipment and the workplace shall be ensured optimal location working, which is achieved by

regulation.
* and so on.

These standards do not establish requirements for the jobs of vehicles , machinery and equipment moving in the process, as

well as jobs for students undergoing practical training , and personnel .

More detailed requirements of the workplace are provided in the relevant standards . For example:

* GOST 22269-76 "system" man-machine. " Operator's station. The relative position of the elements of the workplace. Terms

and ergonomic requirements, "
* GOST R 50948-2001 "Information display for personal use. General ergonomics and safety requirements, "
* ISO 16121-1:2005 "Road transport. Ergonomic requirements for the workplace by shuttle bus driver. Part 1. General

description, basic requirements. "
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